Root canal treatment RCT is a common and effective dental procedure performed to save a tooth with infected or inflamed pulp caused by deep caries, trauma, or repeated dental procedures. If untreated, the infection can spread to surrounding tissues, leading to abscess formation, swelling, and bone loss. During RCT, the dentist removes the diseased pulp, thoroughly cleans and shapes the root canals using specialized instruments and disinfecting solutions, and then fills the canals with a biocompatible material such as gutta-percha. The tooth is finally restored with a permanent filling or crown to provide strength and prevent fracture. RCT eliminates pain, restores function, and allows the patient to retain their natural tooth rather than undergoing extraction.